Art of measuring progesterone: understanding immunoassays

Abstract

Measurement of progesterone has become an essential component of canine reproductive medicine. Reliable measurement of steroid hormones is challenging. In veterinary medicine, we depend on immunoassays to determine concentrations of circulating progesterone. Immunoassay is the general term for a diagnostic technique that relies on antibodies to detect a compound within a biologic sample. There are several types of immunoassays available, which have innate differences. Therefore, to correctly apply the results to a clinical scenario, it is essential for the practicing veterinarian to understand the method they are utilizing. Data from development of a new in-house progesterone test are reviewed and a variety of immunoassay methods, assay validation, and future trends within diagnostic industry are discussed. Understanding these principles will help the clinician choose an assay which will best suit their diagnostic needs.