Estrous cycle manipulation in cats

Julie  Barnes; Lindsey  Vansandt

doi:10.58292/CT.v17.11649

Julie Barnes Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife, Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Lindsey Vansandt Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife, Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, Cincinnati, OH, USA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58292/CT.v17.11649

Keywords: Feline, estrous cycle, estrus induction, ovulation induction, natural cycle, estrus suppression, contraception

Abstract

For decades, interest in reproductive physiology of the domestic cat has largely been driven by its importance as a model for wild felids and human biomedical research. As such, several assisted reproductive technologies have been established in cats. Despite the growing need for feline theriogenology, the application of these tools in clinical practice is extremely limited. We discuss: 1. reproductive physiology of the queen and her unique challenges; 2. estrus induction (photoperiod, social interaction, and pharmacologic [gonadotropins, GnRH agonists]); 3. natural cycle monitoring (blood hormones, fecal hormone metabolites, behavior, vaginal cytology, transabdominal ultrasonography) and ovulation induction (manual stimulation, pharmacologic [gonadotropins, GnRH agonists]); 4. estrus suppression (photoperiod, melatonin, GnRH agonists, progestins); and 5. permanent nonsurgical contraception (immunocontraception, gene therapy). This review will summarize published reports on estrous cycle manipulation in felids, both wild and domestic; notable differences between cats and dogs are highlighted and comments based on the authors’ personal experiences and preferences for application are included.

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