Factors affecting the reproductive capacity of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Abstract

The water buffalo has historically been one of the most important agriculture animals of Asia and today herds are now raised across the Mediterranean regions as well as the Americas. Of great economic value for the milk’s high fat content and lean meat, buffalo production lags behind other domestic cattle species in terms of reproductive efficiency. Water buffalo have a reputation as being poor breeders due to a propensity for long calving intervals, high incidence of postpartum anestrous and late age of maturity. The objectives of this investigation were to examine the environmental and genetic factors that affect male and female reproductive potential. When implemented, simple management practices such as proper nutrition year round, prevention of heat stress and the housing of male and females together have the potential to overcome the water buffalo’s apparent reproductive shortcomings. The maintenance of production and progeny testing records are essential for genetic improvement programs, which are slowing being more prominent at institutional farms across the world.