Practical review of diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic indicators of acquired conditions of the penis and prepuce in the bull
Keywords:
bovine, penis, prepuce, preputial trauma
Abstract
This review will discuss the most common acquired conditions of the penis and prepuce in the bull along with diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for each of those conditions. Conditions discussed will include preputial lacerations, penile hematomas, retropreputial abscesses, phimosis/paraphimosis, and deviations of the penis. It is the intent of this manuscript to arm practitioners with clinically important knowledge regarding medical treatment and prognosis so that they may assist producers in the decision-making process following the identification of a reproductive injury or defect in a bull. This manuscript will not discuss surgical interventions in depth but will discuss when surgical intervention is warranted.
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References
1. Beckett S, Wolfe D: Anatomy of the penis, prepuce, and sheath. In: Wolfe DF, Moll HD: editors. Large Animal Urogenital Surgery. 2nd edition, Baltimore, MD; Willians & Wilkens: 1998. p. 201.
2. Beckett SD: Physiology of erection and ejaculation. In: Wolfe D, Moll HD: editors. Large Animal Urogenital Surgery. 2nd edition, Baltimore, MD; Williams & Wilkens: 1998. p. 211.
3. Maxwell H: Inability to breed due to injury or abnormality of the external genitalia of bulls. In: Hopper R: editor. Bovine Reproduction. 1st edition, Ames, IA; Wiley-Blackwell: 2015. p 113–127.
4. Long SE, Hignett PG: Preputial eversion in the bull. A comparative study of prepuces from bulls which evert and those which do not. Vet Rec 1970;86:161–164. doi: 10.1136/vr.86.6.161
5. Long SE, Rodriguez Dubra C: Incidence and relative clinical significance of preputial eversion in bulls. Vet Rec 1972;91:165–169. doi: 10.1136/vr.91.7.165
6. Long SE, Hignett PG, Lee R: Preputial eversion in the bull: relationship to penile movement. Vet Rec 1970;86:192–194. doi: 10.1136/vr.86.7.192
7. Venter HA, Maree C: Factors affecting prolapse of the prepuce in bulls. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1978;49:309–311.
8. Roberts SJ: Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases (Theriogenology). 3rd edition, Woodstock, VT; Published by author: 1986.
9. Carson R, Hudson R: Diseases of the penis and prepuce. In: Howard J, Smith R: editors. Current Veterinary Therapy: Food Animal Practice. 3rd edition, Philadelphia, PA; Saunder: 1993. p. 796–797.
10. Wolfe D, Hudson R, Walker D: Common penile and preputial problems of bulls. Comp Contin Educ Vet 1983;5:S447–S456.
11. Wolfe D, Beckett S, Carson R: Acquired conditions of the penis and prepuce. In: Wolfe DF, Moll HD: editors. Large Animal Urogenital Surgery. 2nd edition, Baltimore, MD; Willians & Wilkens: 1998. p. 237–272.
12. Memon MA, Dawson LJ, Usenik EA, et al: Preputial injuries in beef bulls: 172 cases (1980–1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988;193:481–485.
13. Desrochers A, St-Jean G, Anderson DE: Surgical management of preputial injuries in bulls: 51 cases (1986–1994). Can Vet J 1995;36:553.
14. Kasari T, McGrann J, Hooper R: Cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment alternatives for beef bulls with preputial prolapse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:856–859.
15. Lewis JE, Walker DF, Beckett SD, et al: Blood pressure within the corpus cavernosum penis of the bull. J Reprod Fertil 1968;17:155–156. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0170155
16. Beckett SD, Reynolds TM, Walker DF, et al: Experimentally induced rupture of corpus cavernosum penis of the bull. Am J Vet Res 1974;35:765–767.
17. Wolfe DF, Mysinger PW, Hudson RS, et al: Ventral rupture of the penile tunica albuginea and urethra distal to the sigmoid flexure in a bull. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987;190:1313–1314.
18. Ashdown RR, Glossop CE: Impotence in the bull: rupture of the corpus cavernosum penis proximal to the sigmoid flexure. Vet Rec 1983;113:30–37. doi: 10.1136/vr.113.2.30
19. Hudson RS. The effect of penile injuries on the breeding ability of bulls. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society for Theriogenology. Oklahoma City (OK); 1978, pp. 83–86.
20. Ashdown R, Coombs M: Spiral deviation of the bovine penis. Vet Rec 1967;80:737–738. doi: 10.1136/vr.80.25.737
21. Ashdown RR, Ricketts SW, Wardley RC: The fibrous architecture of the integumentary coverings of the bovine penis. J Anat 1968;103:567–572.
22. Seidel GE, Foote RH: Motion picture analysis of ejaculation in the bull. J Reprod Fertil 1969;20:313–317. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0200313
23. Ashdown RR, Smith JA: The anatomy of the corpus cavernosum penis of the bull and its relationship to spiral deviation of the penis. J Anat 1969;104:153–160.
24. Barth AD: Bull Breeding Soundness. 3rd edition, Saskatoon; Western Canadian Association of Bovine Practitioners: 2013.
2. Beckett SD: Physiology of erection and ejaculation. In: Wolfe D, Moll HD: editors. Large Animal Urogenital Surgery. 2nd edition, Baltimore, MD; Williams & Wilkens: 1998. p. 211.
3. Maxwell H: Inability to breed due to injury or abnormality of the external genitalia of bulls. In: Hopper R: editor. Bovine Reproduction. 1st edition, Ames, IA; Wiley-Blackwell: 2015. p 113–127.
4. Long SE, Hignett PG: Preputial eversion in the bull. A comparative study of prepuces from bulls which evert and those which do not. Vet Rec 1970;86:161–164. doi: 10.1136/vr.86.6.161
5. Long SE, Rodriguez Dubra C: Incidence and relative clinical significance of preputial eversion in bulls. Vet Rec 1972;91:165–169. doi: 10.1136/vr.91.7.165
6. Long SE, Hignett PG, Lee R: Preputial eversion in the bull: relationship to penile movement. Vet Rec 1970;86:192–194. doi: 10.1136/vr.86.7.192
7. Venter HA, Maree C: Factors affecting prolapse of the prepuce in bulls. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1978;49:309–311.
8. Roberts SJ: Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases (Theriogenology). 3rd edition, Woodstock, VT; Published by author: 1986.
9. Carson R, Hudson R: Diseases of the penis and prepuce. In: Howard J, Smith R: editors. Current Veterinary Therapy: Food Animal Practice. 3rd edition, Philadelphia, PA; Saunder: 1993. p. 796–797.
10. Wolfe D, Hudson R, Walker D: Common penile and preputial problems of bulls. Comp Contin Educ Vet 1983;5:S447–S456.
11. Wolfe D, Beckett S, Carson R: Acquired conditions of the penis and prepuce. In: Wolfe DF, Moll HD: editors. Large Animal Urogenital Surgery. 2nd edition, Baltimore, MD; Willians & Wilkens: 1998. p. 237–272.
12. Memon MA, Dawson LJ, Usenik EA, et al: Preputial injuries in beef bulls: 172 cases (1980–1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988;193:481–485.
13. Desrochers A, St-Jean G, Anderson DE: Surgical management of preputial injuries in bulls: 51 cases (1986–1994). Can Vet J 1995;36:553.
14. Kasari T, McGrann J, Hooper R: Cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment alternatives for beef bulls with preputial prolapse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:856–859.
15. Lewis JE, Walker DF, Beckett SD, et al: Blood pressure within the corpus cavernosum penis of the bull. J Reprod Fertil 1968;17:155–156. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0170155
16. Beckett SD, Reynolds TM, Walker DF, et al: Experimentally induced rupture of corpus cavernosum penis of the bull. Am J Vet Res 1974;35:765–767.
17. Wolfe DF, Mysinger PW, Hudson RS, et al: Ventral rupture of the penile tunica albuginea and urethra distal to the sigmoid flexure in a bull. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987;190:1313–1314.
18. Ashdown RR, Glossop CE: Impotence in the bull: rupture of the corpus cavernosum penis proximal to the sigmoid flexure. Vet Rec 1983;113:30–37. doi: 10.1136/vr.113.2.30
19. Hudson RS. The effect of penile injuries on the breeding ability of bulls. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society for Theriogenology. Oklahoma City (OK); 1978, pp. 83–86.
20. Ashdown R, Coombs M: Spiral deviation of the bovine penis. Vet Rec 1967;80:737–738. doi: 10.1136/vr.80.25.737
21. Ashdown RR, Ricketts SW, Wardley RC: The fibrous architecture of the integumentary coverings of the bovine penis. J Anat 1968;103:567–572.
22. Seidel GE, Foote RH: Motion picture analysis of ejaculation in the bull. J Reprod Fertil 1969;20:313–317. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0200313
23. Ashdown RR, Smith JA: The anatomy of the corpus cavernosum penis of the bull and its relationship to spiral deviation of the penis. J Anat 1969;104:153–160.
24. Barth AD: Bull Breeding Soundness. 3rd edition, Saskatoon; Western Canadian Association of Bovine Practitioners: 2013.
Published
2023-07-07
How to Cite
Koziol J. (2023). Practical review of diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic indicators of acquired conditions of the penis and prepuce in the bull. Clinical Theriogenology, 15, 11-17. https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9642
Section
Papers
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