A survey of the use of theriogenology related models across veterinary curricula
Keywords:
Model, theriogenology, veterinary medicine, clinical skills
Abstract
The use of models within theriogenology curricula has become increasingly more common over the last few years. Currently, there are no compiled data regarding the types of theriogenology related models used at veterinary institutions across the world. A 55-question survey regarding the use of models in the theriogenology curricula was distributed via multiple listservs. A total of 31 responses were garnered representing 24 veterinary institutions from 5 continents. Data collected in the survey indicated that large animal transrectal palpation models, dystocia models, and small animal ovariohysterectomy and castration models are the most used models. Commercial models are widely used; however, multiple models are built at institutions. Only 1 model listed by respondents has been validated in the literature. Institutionally created models are most often built by faculty and most of the models described are used only for developing technical skills. A large percentage of respondents that listed models believed that the models improved students’ technical skills, but for the most part are not a substitute for live animal experiential learning.
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References
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28. Clark W, Kane L, Arnold P, et al: Clinical skills and knowledge used by veterinary graduates during their first year in small animal practice. Aust Vet J 2002;80:37–40. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2002.tb12830.x
29. Morin DE, Constable PD, Troutt HF, et al: Surgery, anesthesia, and restraint skills expected of entry-level veterinarians in bovine practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;221:969–974. doi: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.969
30. Morin DE, Constable PD, Troutt HF, et al: Individual animal medicine and animal production skills expected of entry-level veterinarians in bovine practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;221:959–968. doi: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.959
31. Thomson D, Thomson J, Lubbers B, et al: A survey of veterinary student exposure to and performance of clinical skills necessary for success in beef cattle veterinary practice and the relationship to the supply, demand, and value of proper training as beef cattle veterinarians. Bov Pract 2017;51:215–228. doi: 10.21423/bovine-vol51no2p215-228
32. Anderson SL, Miller L, Gibbons P, et al: Development and validation of a bovine castration model and rubric. J Vet Med Educ 2021;48:96–104. doi: 10.3138/jvme.2018-0016
33. Langebæk R, Toft N, Eriksen T: The SimSpay – student perceptions of a low-cost build-it yourself model for novice training of surgical skills in canine ovariohysterectomy. J Vet Med Educ 2015;42:166–171. doi: 10.3138/jvme.1014-105
34. Hunt JA, Rogers-Scarlett S, Schmidt P, et al: Validation of a rubric used for skills-based assessment of veterinary students performing simulated ovariohysterectomy on a model. J Vet Med Educ 2022;e20220011. doi: 10.3138/jvme-2022-0011
35. Bossaert P, Leterme L, Caluwaerts T, et al: Teaching transrectal Ppalpation of the internal genital organs in cattle. J Vet Med Educ 2009;36:451–460. doi: 10.3138/jvme.36.4.451
36. Baillie S, Crossan A, Brewster SA, et al: Validation of a bovine rectal palpation simulator for training veterinary students. Stud Health Technol Inform 2005;111:33–36.
37. Norman ST, Dall’Alba G: Computer assisted learning for improving cattle palpation skills of veterinary students. Open J Vet Med 2013;3:319–327. doi: 10.4236/ojvm.2013.38052
38. Baillie S, Crossan A, Reid S, et al: Preliminary development and evaluation of a bovine rectal palpation simulator for training veterinary students. Cattle Pract 2003;11:101–106.
39. Baillie S, Crossan A, Brewster SA, et al: Evaluating an automated haptic simulator designed for veterinary students to learn bovine rectal palpation. Simul Healthc 2010;5:261–266. doi: 10.1097/SIH.0b013e3181e369bf
40. Hunt J, Heydenburg M, Kelly C, et al: Development and validation of a canine castration model and rubric. J Vet Med Educ 2019;47:1–13. doi: 10.3138/jvme.1117-158r1
41. Motta T, Carter B, Sweazy E, et al: Development and validation of a low-fidelity, low-cost surgical simulation model to teach canine orchiectomy. Clin Theriogenol 2018;10:125–139.
42. Gibbons P, Devine E, Dutton D, et al: Development and validation of an ovine cesarean section model and rubric. Clin Theriogenol 2022;14:346–355. doi: 10.58292/ct.v14i4.9170
43. Cook DA, Beckman TJ: Current concepts in validity and reliability for psychometric instruments: theory and application. Am J Med 2006;119:166.e167–166.e116. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.10.036
44. American Education Research Association: Standards for educational and psychological testing. American Education Research Association: 2018. Washington, DC.
45. Kane M: The argument-based approach to validation. Sch Psychol Rev 2013;42:448–457. doi: 10.1080/02796015.2013.12087465
46. Hunt JA, Anderson SL, Spangler D, et al: Influence of instructor-to-student ratio for teaching suturing skills with models. Vet Surg 2021;50:556–563. doi: 10.1111/vsu.13585
2. Competency-Based Veterinary Education (CBVE). Available from: https://cbve.org/framework [cited 18 December 2022].
3. Hart LA, Wood MW, Weng HY: Mainstreaming alternatives in veterinary medical education: resource development and curricular reform. J Vet Med Educ 2005;32:473–480. doi: 10.3138/jvme.32.4.473
4. McDermott MP, Tischler VA, Cobb MA, et al: Veterinarian-client communication skills: current state, relevance, and opportunities for improvement. J Vet Med Educ 2015;42:305–314. doi: 10.3138/jvme.0115-006R
5. Dilly M, Read EK, Baillie S: A survey of established veterinary clinical skills laboratories from Europe and North America: present practices and recent developments. J Vet Med Educ 2017;44:580–589. doi: 10.3138/jvme.0216-030R1
6. Baillie S: Utilization of simulators in veterinary training. Cattle Pract 2007;15:244–248.
7. Bok HG, Jaarsma DA, Teunissen PW, et al: Development and validation of a competency framework for veterinarians. J Vet Med Educ 2011;38:262–269. doi: 10.3138/jvme.38.3.262
8. Baillie S, Shore H, Gill D, et al: Introducing peer-assisted learning into a veterinary curriculum: a trial with a simulator. J Vet Med Educ 2009;36:174–179. doi: 10.3138/jvme.36.2.174
9. Cant RP, Cooper SJ: Simulation-based learning in nurse education: systematic review. J Adv Nurs 2010;66:3–15. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05240.x [cited 18 December 2022].
10. Hunt JA, Simons MC, Anderson SL: If you build it, they will learn: a review of models in veterinary surgical education. Vet Surg 2022;51:52–61. doi: 10.1111/vsu.13683
11. da Silva DAF, Fernandes AA, Ventrone AE, et al: The influence of low-fidelity simulator training on canine peripheral venous puncture procedure. Vet World 2021;14:410–418. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.410-418
12. Aulmann M, März M, Burgener IA, et al: Development and evaluation of two canine low fidelity simulation models. J Vet Med Educ 2015;42:151–160. doi: 10.3138/jvme.1114-114R
13. Langebaek R, Berendt M, Pedersen L, et al: Features that contribute to the usefulness of low fidelity models for surgical skills training. Vet Rec 2012;170:361–361. doi: 10.1136/vr.100181
14. Brombacher-Steiert S, Ehrich R, Schneider C, et al: Teaching clinical practical and communication skills of the clinical skills lab of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. GMS J Med Educ 2021;38:Doc86.
15. Lowry S: Trends in health care and their effects on medical education. BMJ 1993;306:255–258. doi: 10.1136/bmj.306.6872.255
16. Bradley P, Bligh J: Clinical skills centres: where are we going? Med Educ 2005;39:649–650. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02189.x
17. Saakane K, John M, Timothe’e S, et al: Student evaluation of a clinical self-study laboratory. Nurse Educ Pract 2008;8:359–367. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2007.10.002
18. Crowther E, Booth N, Coombes N, et al: Veterinary clinical skills labs: online collaboration and moving forward. Health Soc Work 2013;2:39–43. doi: 10.11120/hsce.2013.00019
19. American Association of Equine Practitioners: Core competencies for new veterinary school graduates in equine practice. 2020. Available from: https://aaep.org/sites/default/files/202102/AAEP_Core_Competencies_2020.pdf.
20. Zhitnitskiy PE, Molitor TW, Torremorell M, et al: Creating measurable, practice-relevant day-1 competencies for swine veterinary education. Educ Health Prof 2019; 2:59–64. doi: 10.4103/EHP.EHP_23_19
21. Duijn CC, Ten Cate O, Kremer WD, et al: The development of entrustable professional activities for competency-based veterinary education in farm animal health. J Vet Med Educ 2019;46:218–224. doi: 10.3138/jvme.0617-073r
22. Kreisler RE, Stackhouse NL, Graves TK: Arizona veterinarians’ perceptions and consensus regarding skills, knowledge, and attributes of day one veterinary graduates. J Vet Med Educ 2020;47:365–377. doi: 10.3138/jvme.1117-166r2
23. Root Kustritz MV, Chenoweth PJ, Tibary A: Efficacy of training in theriogenology as determined by a survey of veterinarians. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006;229:514–521. doi: 10.2460/javma.229.4.514
24. Luby CD, McIntyre K, Jelinski MD: Skills required of dairy veterinarians in western Canada: a survey of practicing veterinarians. Can Vet J 2013;54:267.
25. Cary JA, Farnsworth CH, Gay J, et al: Stakeholder expectations regarding the ability of new veterinary graduates to perform various diagnostic and surgical procedures. J Am Vet Med. Assoc 2017;251:172–184. doi: 10.2460/javma.251.2.172
26. Smeak DD, Hill LN, Lord LK, et al: Expected frequency of use and proficiency of core surgical skills in entry-level veterinary practice: 2009 ACVS core surgical skills diplomate survey results. Vet Surg 2012;41:853–861. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2012.00978.x
27. Hill LN, Smeak DD, Lord LK: Frequency of use and proficiency in performance of surgical skills expected of entry-level veterinarians by general practitioners. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012;240:1345–1354. doi: 10.2460/javma.240.11.1345
28. Clark W, Kane L, Arnold P, et al: Clinical skills and knowledge used by veterinary graduates during their first year in small animal practice. Aust Vet J 2002;80:37–40. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2002.tb12830.x
29. Morin DE, Constable PD, Troutt HF, et al: Surgery, anesthesia, and restraint skills expected of entry-level veterinarians in bovine practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;221:969–974. doi: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.969
30. Morin DE, Constable PD, Troutt HF, et al: Individual animal medicine and animal production skills expected of entry-level veterinarians in bovine practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;221:959–968. doi: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.959
31. Thomson D, Thomson J, Lubbers B, et al: A survey of veterinary student exposure to and performance of clinical skills necessary for success in beef cattle veterinary practice and the relationship to the supply, demand, and value of proper training as beef cattle veterinarians. Bov Pract 2017;51:215–228. doi: 10.21423/bovine-vol51no2p215-228
32. Anderson SL, Miller L, Gibbons P, et al: Development and validation of a bovine castration model and rubric. J Vet Med Educ 2021;48:96–104. doi: 10.3138/jvme.2018-0016
33. Langebæk R, Toft N, Eriksen T: The SimSpay – student perceptions of a low-cost build-it yourself model for novice training of surgical skills in canine ovariohysterectomy. J Vet Med Educ 2015;42:166–171. doi: 10.3138/jvme.1014-105
34. Hunt JA, Rogers-Scarlett S, Schmidt P, et al: Validation of a rubric used for skills-based assessment of veterinary students performing simulated ovariohysterectomy on a model. J Vet Med Educ 2022;e20220011. doi: 10.3138/jvme-2022-0011
35. Bossaert P, Leterme L, Caluwaerts T, et al: Teaching transrectal Ppalpation of the internal genital organs in cattle. J Vet Med Educ 2009;36:451–460. doi: 10.3138/jvme.36.4.451
36. Baillie S, Crossan A, Brewster SA, et al: Validation of a bovine rectal palpation simulator for training veterinary students. Stud Health Technol Inform 2005;111:33–36.
37. Norman ST, Dall’Alba G: Computer assisted learning for improving cattle palpation skills of veterinary students. Open J Vet Med 2013;3:319–327. doi: 10.4236/ojvm.2013.38052
38. Baillie S, Crossan A, Reid S, et al: Preliminary development and evaluation of a bovine rectal palpation simulator for training veterinary students. Cattle Pract 2003;11:101–106.
39. Baillie S, Crossan A, Brewster SA, et al: Evaluating an automated haptic simulator designed for veterinary students to learn bovine rectal palpation. Simul Healthc 2010;5:261–266. doi: 10.1097/SIH.0b013e3181e369bf
40. Hunt J, Heydenburg M, Kelly C, et al: Development and validation of a canine castration model and rubric. J Vet Med Educ 2019;47:1–13. doi: 10.3138/jvme.1117-158r1
41. Motta T, Carter B, Sweazy E, et al: Development and validation of a low-fidelity, low-cost surgical simulation model to teach canine orchiectomy. Clin Theriogenol 2018;10:125–139.
42. Gibbons P, Devine E, Dutton D, et al: Development and validation of an ovine cesarean section model and rubric. Clin Theriogenol 2022;14:346–355. doi: 10.58292/ct.v14i4.9170
43. Cook DA, Beckman TJ: Current concepts in validity and reliability for psychometric instruments: theory and application. Am J Med 2006;119:166.e167–166.e116. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.10.036
44. American Education Research Association: Standards for educational and psychological testing. American Education Research Association: 2018. Washington, DC.
45. Kane M: The argument-based approach to validation. Sch Psychol Rev 2013;42:448–457. doi: 10.1080/02796015.2013.12087465
46. Hunt JA, Anderson SL, Spangler D, et al: Influence of instructor-to-student ratio for teaching suturing skills with models. Vet Surg 2021;50:556–563. doi: 10.1111/vsu.13585
Published
2023-05-30
How to Cite
Koziol J., Gibbons P., & Dascanio J. (2023). A survey of the use of theriogenology related models across veterinary curricula. Clinical Theriogenology, 15, 38-45. https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9594
Section
Papers
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