Pregnancy outcomes and calf growth in beef cows given modified-live virus vaccination at synchronization for timed artificial insemination
Abstract
The objective was to compare reproductive outcomes and calf traits after vaccination of suckled beef cows using a commercial modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine that contained bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus (types 1 and 2) at the initiation of a timed artificial insemination (AI) program. In Experiment 1, cows given MLV vaccine in the previous year were enrolled during the fall 2019 and spring 2020 breeding seasons. At initiation of a 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR synchronization protocol (10 days before breeding), cows were given either MLV vaccine or nothing (CONT). Cows were inseminated 60-66 hours after removal of the CIDR insert and subsequently exposed to bulls starting ~ 1 week after AI. All CONT cows received a killed virus vaccine at mid-pregnancy. For Experiment 2, available cows from fall 2019 were reenrolled and given the same vaccination treatment as in the previous season. Treatment with MLV vaccine did not have effects on AI pregnancy rates (p ≥ 0.31), total season pregnancy rates (p ≥ 0.12), or AI pregnancy losses (p ≥ 0.41). There was also no effect of vaccination treatment on calf birth weight (p ≥ 0.27), weaning weight (p ≥ 0.14), or average daily gain (p ≥ 0.14). In summary, cows given MLV vaccinations on day 10 before breeding experienced no deleterious effects on pregnancy outcomes or calf traits. These findings supported the use of MLV vaccination in previously vaccinated cows at synchronization for timed AI.
Downloads
References
2. Miller JM, van der Maaten MJ: Early embryonic death in heifers after inoculation with bovine herpesvirus-1 and reactivation of latent virus in reproductive tissues. Am J Vet Res 1987;48:1555–1558. PMID: 3434897
3. Miller JM, Van der Maaten MJ, Whetstone CA: Effects of a bovine herpesvirus-1 isolate on reproductive function in heifers: classification as a type-2 (infectious pustular vulvovaginitis) virus by restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA. Am J Vet Res 1988;49:1653–1656. PMID: 2847601
4. Grooms DL, Brock K, Ward LA: Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in the ovaries of cattle acutely infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 1998;10:125–129. doi: 10.1177/104063879801000201
5. Archbald LF, Gibson CD, Schultz RH, et al: Effects of intrauterine inoculation of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus on uterine tubes and uterus of nonpregnant cows. Am J Vet Res 1973;34:1133–1137.
6. Archbald LF, Fulton RW, Seger CL, et al: Effect of the bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus on preimplantation bovine embryos: a preliminary study. Theriogenology 1979;11:81–89. doi: 10.1016/S0093-691X(79)80020-5
7. Newcomer BW, Walz PH, Daniel Givens M, et al: Efficacy of bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccination to prevent reproductive disease: a meta-analysis. Theriogenology 2015;83:360–365. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.09.028
8. Newcomer BW, Cofield LG, Walz PH, et al: Prevention of abortion in cattle following vaccination against bovine herpesvirus 1: a meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2017;138:1–8. doi: 10.1016/J.PREVETMED.2017.01.005
9. Callan RJ: Fundamental considerations in developing vaccination protocols. Proc Am Assoc Bovine Pract 2001; p. 14–22. doi: 10.21423/aabppro20015171
10. O’Toole D, Miller MM, Cavender JL, et al: Pathology in practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012;241:189–191. doi: 10.2460/JAVMA.241.2.189
11. Chiang BC, Smith PC, Nusbaum KE, et al: The effect of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccine on reproductive efficiency in cattle vaccinated during estrus. Theriogenology 1990;33:1113–120. doi: 10.1016/0093-691X(90)90071-Z
12. Smith PC, Nusbaum KE, Kwapien RP, et al: Necrotic oophoritis in heifers vaccinated intravenously with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine during estrus. Am J Vet Res 1990;51:969–972. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.1990.51.07.969
13. Van Der Maaten MJ, Miller JM: Ovarian lesions in heifers exposed to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus by non-genital routes on the day after breeding. Vet Microbiol 1985;10:155–163. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(85)90017-3
14. Perry GA, Zimmerman AD, Daly RF, et al: The effects of vaccination on serum hormone concentrations and conception rates in synchronized naive beef heifers. Theriogenology 2013;79:200–205. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.10.005
15. Stewart JL, Currin J, Clark SG, et al: Assessing pregnancy outcomes in cow-calf operations after administration of modified-live or killed virus vaccinations at the initiation of synchronization for fixed-time AI. Theriogenology 2023;200:43–48. doi: 10.1016/J.THERIOGENOLOGY.2023.01.027
16. Perry GA, Geary TW, Walter JA, et al: Influence of vaccination with a combined chemically altered/inactivated BHV-1/BVD vaccine or a modified-live BHV-1/BVD vaccine on reproductive performance in beef cows and heifers. Bovine Practitioner 2018;52:53–58. doi: 10.21423/bovine-vol52no1p53-58
17. Lamb GC, Mercadante VRG: Synchronization and artificial insemination strategies in beef cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2016;32:335–347. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.01.006
18. FASS: Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching. 4th edition. Consortium for Developing a Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching. Champaign, IL: 2020.
19. Larson JE, Lamb GC, Stevenson JS, et al: Synchronization of estrus in suckled beef cows for detected estrus and artificial insemination and timed artificial insemination using gonadotropin-releasing hormone, prostaglandin F2alpha, and progesterone. J Anim Sci 2006;84:332–342. doi: 10.2527/2006.842332X
20. Lubbers BV, Renter DG, Hesse RA, et al: Prevalence of respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma bovis in U.S. cattle and variability among herds of origin, production systems and season of year. Bovine Practitioner 2017;51:159–164. doi: 10.21423/bovine-vol51no2p159-164
21. Stormshak F, Tucker CM, Beal WE, et al: Reproductive responses of beef heifers after concurrent administration of vaccines, anthelmintic and progestogen. Theriogenology 1997;47:997–1001. doi: 10.1016/S0093-691X(97)00056-3
22. Walz PH, Edmondson MA, Riddell KP, et al: Effect of vaccination with a multivalent modified-live viral vaccine on reproductive performance in synchronized beef heifers. Theriogenology 2015;83:822–831. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.015
23. Perry GA, Larimore EL, Crosswhite MR, et al: Safety of vaccination with an inactivated or modified live viral reproductive vaccine when compared to sterile saline in beef cows. Jacobs J Vet Sci Res 2016;2:1–6. doi: 10.21423/aabppro20163477
24. Walz PH, Givens MD, Rodning SP, et al: Evaluation of reproductive protection against bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1 afforded by annual revaccination with modified-live viral or combination modified-live/killed viral vaccines after primary vaccination with modified-live viral vaccine. Vaccine 2017;35:1046–1054. doi: 10.1016/J.VACCINE.2017.01.006
25. Whittier WD, Baitis HK: Timing of vaccinations in estrous synchronization programs. Proceedings, Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle 2005; p. 147–156.
26. Bourdon RM, Brinks JS: Genetic, environmental and phenotypic relationships among gestation length, birth weight, growth traits and age at first calving in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 1982;55:543–553. doi: 10.2527/JAS1982.553543X
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright of their work, with first publication rights granted to Clinical Theriogenology. Read more about copyright and licensing here.
