Diagnostic approaches to pregnancy loss

Abstract

Pregnancy loss can occur from events closely associated with conception up to just prior to parturition. Death of the embryo or fetus can be the result of hormonal, toxic, environmental and/or bacterial or viral agents. In many species of animals embryonic losses are higher than perinatal losses. In the dog, pregnancy diagnosis occurs midway through the gestation period further complicating the diagnosis of embryonic losses. The bitch is luteal dependent throughout pregnancy so luteolytic events can results in fetal loss or abortion. Death of the fetus can result in mummification, maceration or abortion. Viruses are a common cause of mummification in dogs and cats. Aborted fetuses often are autolyzed due to death 24-28 hours prior to delivery. History including housing, nutrition, supplements, vaccination status, exercise, illness and medications including topical and parasite control products should be obtained.