How to perform neurological examination in a neonatal foal

Abstract

Neurological examination on a neonatal foal is performed concurrently with the physical examination. First step in examination is observation. Neurological examination consists of evaluation of behavior, state of consciousness, cranial nerve function, posture (head, neck, trunk, limbs, and tail) and postural reactions (limbs), segmental (spinal) reflexes, palpation, and gait evaluation. To assess most segmental reflexes, the foal must be in lateral recumbency and relaxed. Key points include safety, observation and palpation, knowing normal, including development of important milestones, and (if possible) conducting serial examinations over time.