Schistosomus reflexus with another fetus in a beef heifer
Keywords:
Beef cattle, heifer, schistosomus reflexus, twins, cesarean surgery
Abstract
Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a rare, fatal fetal disorder observed in ruminants and other species. Defining features include spinal inversion, exposure of abdominal viscera, and limb abnormalities. Apparently, this is the first report documenting a case of SR with another fetus in a red Aberdeen-Angus beef heifer. Furthermore, a ventricular septal defect in a case of SR has not been documented before.
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References
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2. Tharp VL: Bovine dystocia caused by schistosomus reflexus. Cornell Vet 1947;37:394–396.
3. Tsuma V, Abuom T: A case report of schistosomus reflexus in a lamb. Kenya Vet 2008;32:41–43. doi: 10.4314/kenvet.v32i1.45298
4. Suthar D, Sharma V, Dabas V, et al: Per-vaginal handling of schistosomus reflexus as a cause of dystocia in a goat. Vet World 2011;4:330–331. doi: 10.5455/vetworld.4.330
5. Elias E: Left ventrolateral cesarean section in three dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Vet Surg 1991;20:323–325. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1991.tb01277.x
6. Dubbin ES, Welker FH, Veit HP, et al: Dystocia attributable to a fetal monster resembling schistosomus reflexus in a donkey. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990;197:605–607.
7. Kawata K, Tiba T: A rare case of Schistosomus reflexus in the cat. J Vet Res 1961;9:179–181.
8. Bárcenas-Ibarra A, Rojas-Lleonart I, Lozano-Guzmán RI, et al: Schistosomus reflexus syndrome in olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea). Vet Pathol 2017;54:171–177. doi: 10.1177/0300985816651682
9. Dutt R, Singh G, Chandolia R: Delivery of a schistosomus reflexus monster through caesarean section in a Murrah buffalo. Buffalo Bull 2019;38:165–168.
10. Knight RP: The occurrence of schistosomus reflexus in bovine dystocia. Aust Vet J 1996;73:105–107. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb09988.x
11. Cavalieri J, Farin P: Birth of a Holstein freemartin calf co-twinned to a schistosomus reflexus fetus. Theriogenology 1999;52:815–826. doi: 10.1016/S0093-691X(99)00174-0
12. Sitali M, Mwaanga E, Zulu V, et al: Schistosomus reflexus from a Holstein-Friesian cow-case report. Theriogenol Insight 2014;4:65. doi: 10.5958/2277-3371.2014.00735.9
13. Dennis S: Schistosomus reflexus in conjoined twin lambs. Vet Rec 1972;90:509–510. doi: 10.1136/vr.90.18.509
14. Bawaskar M, Sahatpure S, Sheetal S, et al: Mummified schistosomus reflexus co-twinned with normal goat foetus-a rare case report. Int J Environ Sci Technol 2018;7:1479–1482.
15. Motunrayo AH, Ogechi N, Bire GD, et al: Dystocia due to schistosomus reflexus (cojoined twins) in a Yankassa ewe. J Coast Life Med 2015;3:333–335.
16. Olaogun S, Abiola J, Jeremiah O: Case report: dystocia due to schistosomus reflexus (co-joined twins) in a West African Dwarf doe (female goat) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Trop Vet 2017;35:117–122.
17. Singh D, Kumar P, et al: Dystocia due to schistosomus reflexus (co-twin) in a marwari goat-a case report. Life Sci Leafl 2017;94:10–12. doi: 10.21887/ijvsbt.v12i4.7690
18. Rao A, Sreemannarayana O, Rao A: Schistosomus reflexus in a buffalo conjoined twin-a case report. Indian Vet J 1984;61:80.
19. Bertolo PHL, de Aguirra LRVM, Martins DM, et al: Schistosomus reflexus in a dog and a cat. Acta Sci Vet 2017;45:4. doi: 10.22456/1679-9216.86180
20. Addo P, Cook J, Dennis S: Schistocoelia in a twin foal. Equine Vet J 1984;16:69–71. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1984.tb01858.x
21. Pandey AK, Kumar S, Gunwant P, et al: Schistosomus reflexus monster fetus in bovine and its successful management. Res J Vet Pract 2017;5:25–27.
22. Pugazharasi C, Jaganath V, Sarath T, et al: Per-vaginal delivery of schistosomus reflexus foetal monster co-twined with live calf in a Holstein-Friesian crossbred cow at field level. Haryana Vet 2022;61:123–124.
23. Smith, ID, Schistosomus reflexus in conjoined twin lambs. Vet Rec 1969;85:138–139. doi: 10.1136/vr.85.6.138
24. Bedford, PGC: Schistosomus reflexus in a goat: a case report. Vet Rec 1967;80:326.
25. Streeter RN, Step DL: Diagnostic ultrasonography in ruminants. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2007;23:541–574. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.07.008
26. Harmon MW: Ruminant and camelid cardiology. In: Durham HE, ed. Cardiology for veterinary technicians and nurses, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell; 2017;443–458.
27. Sloss VE, Johnston DE: The cause and treatment of dystocia in beef cattle in western Victoria. Aust Vet J 1967;43:13–21. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1967.tb04757.x
28. Kipouridis K, Karagiannidis A: The occurrence of schistosomus reflexus in bovine dystocia. J Hell Vet Med Soc 2001;52:264–266. doi: 10.12681/jhvms.15455
29. Purohit GN, Kumar P, Solanki K, et al: Perspectives of fetal dystocia in cattle and buffalo. Vet Sci Dev 2012;2:e8:31–42. doi: 10.4081/vsd.2012.3712
30. Gregory KE, Echternkamp SE, Cundiff LV: Effects of twinning on dystocia, calf survival, calf growth, carcass traits and cow productivity. J Anim Sci 1996;74:1223–1233. doi: 10.2527/1996.7461223x
31. Funnell BJ, Hilton WM: Management and prevention of dystocia. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2016;32:511–522. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.01.016
32. Purohit GN, Mehta JS: Dystocia in cattle and buffaloes: a retrospective analysis of 156 cases. Vet Pract 2006;7:31–34.
33. Martín-Del-Campo R, Bárcenas-Ibarra A, Lund G, et al: Mercury concentration, DNA methylation, and mitochondrial DNA damage in olive ridley sea turtle embryos with schistosomus feflexus syndrome. Vet Pathol 2019;56:940–949. doi: 10.1177/0300985819868649
34. Anderson SJ, Feye KM, Schmidt-McCormack GR, et al: Off-target drug effects resulting in altered gene expression events with epigenetic and ‘Quasi-Epigenetic’ origins. Pharmacol Res 2016;107:229–233. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.028
2. Tharp VL: Bovine dystocia caused by schistosomus reflexus. Cornell Vet 1947;37:394–396.
3. Tsuma V, Abuom T: A case report of schistosomus reflexus in a lamb. Kenya Vet 2008;32:41–43. doi: 10.4314/kenvet.v32i1.45298
4. Suthar D, Sharma V, Dabas V, et al: Per-vaginal handling of schistosomus reflexus as a cause of dystocia in a goat. Vet World 2011;4:330–331. doi: 10.5455/vetworld.4.330
5. Elias E: Left ventrolateral cesarean section in three dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Vet Surg 1991;20:323–325. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1991.tb01277.x
6. Dubbin ES, Welker FH, Veit HP, et al: Dystocia attributable to a fetal monster resembling schistosomus reflexus in a donkey. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990;197:605–607.
7. Kawata K, Tiba T: A rare case of Schistosomus reflexus in the cat. J Vet Res 1961;9:179–181.
8. Bárcenas-Ibarra A, Rojas-Lleonart I, Lozano-Guzmán RI, et al: Schistosomus reflexus syndrome in olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea). Vet Pathol 2017;54:171–177. doi: 10.1177/0300985816651682
9. Dutt R, Singh G, Chandolia R: Delivery of a schistosomus reflexus monster through caesarean section in a Murrah buffalo. Buffalo Bull 2019;38:165–168.
10. Knight RP: The occurrence of schistosomus reflexus in bovine dystocia. Aust Vet J 1996;73:105–107. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb09988.x
11. Cavalieri J, Farin P: Birth of a Holstein freemartin calf co-twinned to a schistosomus reflexus fetus. Theriogenology 1999;52:815–826. doi: 10.1016/S0093-691X(99)00174-0
12. Sitali M, Mwaanga E, Zulu V, et al: Schistosomus reflexus from a Holstein-Friesian cow-case report. Theriogenol Insight 2014;4:65. doi: 10.5958/2277-3371.2014.00735.9
13. Dennis S: Schistosomus reflexus in conjoined twin lambs. Vet Rec 1972;90:509–510. doi: 10.1136/vr.90.18.509
14. Bawaskar M, Sahatpure S, Sheetal S, et al: Mummified schistosomus reflexus co-twinned with normal goat foetus-a rare case report. Int J Environ Sci Technol 2018;7:1479–1482.
15. Motunrayo AH, Ogechi N, Bire GD, et al: Dystocia due to schistosomus reflexus (cojoined twins) in a Yankassa ewe. J Coast Life Med 2015;3:333–335.
16. Olaogun S, Abiola J, Jeremiah O: Case report: dystocia due to schistosomus reflexus (co-joined twins) in a West African Dwarf doe (female goat) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Trop Vet 2017;35:117–122.
17. Singh D, Kumar P, et al: Dystocia due to schistosomus reflexus (co-twin) in a marwari goat-a case report. Life Sci Leafl 2017;94:10–12. doi: 10.21887/ijvsbt.v12i4.7690
18. Rao A, Sreemannarayana O, Rao A: Schistosomus reflexus in a buffalo conjoined twin-a case report. Indian Vet J 1984;61:80.
19. Bertolo PHL, de Aguirra LRVM, Martins DM, et al: Schistosomus reflexus in a dog and a cat. Acta Sci Vet 2017;45:4. doi: 10.22456/1679-9216.86180
20. Addo P, Cook J, Dennis S: Schistocoelia in a twin foal. Equine Vet J 1984;16:69–71. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1984.tb01858.x
21. Pandey AK, Kumar S, Gunwant P, et al: Schistosomus reflexus monster fetus in bovine and its successful management. Res J Vet Pract 2017;5:25–27.
22. Pugazharasi C, Jaganath V, Sarath T, et al: Per-vaginal delivery of schistosomus reflexus foetal monster co-twined with live calf in a Holstein-Friesian crossbred cow at field level. Haryana Vet 2022;61:123–124.
23. Smith, ID, Schistosomus reflexus in conjoined twin lambs. Vet Rec 1969;85:138–139. doi: 10.1136/vr.85.6.138
24. Bedford, PGC: Schistosomus reflexus in a goat: a case report. Vet Rec 1967;80:326.
25. Streeter RN, Step DL: Diagnostic ultrasonography in ruminants. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2007;23:541–574. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.07.008
26. Harmon MW: Ruminant and camelid cardiology. In: Durham HE, ed. Cardiology for veterinary technicians and nurses, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell; 2017;443–458.
27. Sloss VE, Johnston DE: The cause and treatment of dystocia in beef cattle in western Victoria. Aust Vet J 1967;43:13–21. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1967.tb04757.x
28. Kipouridis K, Karagiannidis A: The occurrence of schistosomus reflexus in bovine dystocia. J Hell Vet Med Soc 2001;52:264–266. doi: 10.12681/jhvms.15455
29. Purohit GN, Kumar P, Solanki K, et al: Perspectives of fetal dystocia in cattle and buffalo. Vet Sci Dev 2012;2:e8:31–42. doi: 10.4081/vsd.2012.3712
30. Gregory KE, Echternkamp SE, Cundiff LV: Effects of twinning on dystocia, calf survival, calf growth, carcass traits and cow productivity. J Anim Sci 1996;74:1223–1233. doi: 10.2527/1996.7461223x
31. Funnell BJ, Hilton WM: Management and prevention of dystocia. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2016;32:511–522. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.01.016
32. Purohit GN, Mehta JS: Dystocia in cattle and buffaloes: a retrospective analysis of 156 cases. Vet Pract 2006;7:31–34.
33. Martín-Del-Campo R, Bárcenas-Ibarra A, Lund G, et al: Mercury concentration, DNA methylation, and mitochondrial DNA damage in olive ridley sea turtle embryos with schistosomus feflexus syndrome. Vet Pathol 2019;56:940–949. doi: 10.1177/0300985819868649
34. Anderson SJ, Feye KM, Schmidt-McCormack GR, et al: Off-target drug effects resulting in altered gene expression events with epigenetic and ‘Quasi-Epigenetic’ origins. Pharmacol Res 2016;107:229–233. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.028
Published
2023-06-22
How to Cite
Miniard L., Nichols C., Smith J., Jarrin-Yepez P., Grzeskowiak R., & Newkirk K. (2023). Schistosomus reflexus with another fetus in a beef heifer. Clinical Theriogenology, 15. https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9609
Issue
Section
Case Reports
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