Stem Cells: what, how, and why?

Abstract

The use of stem cells clinically has a solid history and also broad undeveloped potential. As we learn more about these cells and their properties, our ability to harness their potential for future benefit will grow. However, there is also significant confusion surrounding discussions of stem cells, due to vague definitions regarding the types of stem cells and controversies that are inherent in the uses of some types of stem cells. This review discusses the types of stem cells, their advantages and disadvantages, and how they can be used clinically and for research. Specifically, the differences between various/common types of pluripotent stem cells is discussed. The utility of pluripotent stem cells compared to lineage restricted stem cells is also considered.