A practical review of assisted reproductive techniques in cattle. Part 2: recipient selection and embryo transfer

  • Rory Nevard Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • Ced Wise Ced Wise Artificial Breeding, Glen Aplin, QLD, Australia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58292/CT.v18.14225
Keywords: Embryo Transfer, cattle, recipient selection, synchronization, ultrasonography

Abstract

Nonsurgical transcervical embryo transfer in cattle is a technically demanding procedure that significantly influences pregnancy rates. This review outlines key determinants of success, including recipient selection, synchronization, and transfer technique for both in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced embryos. Appropriate recipient selection remains fundamental and should consider reproductive history, body condition, health status, temperament, and anatomical suitability. Synchronization protocols, including fixed-time embryo transfer programs, must balance physiological efficacy with practicality. Technical proficiency is a major controllable factor. Optimal outcomes are achieved by rapid, atraumatic deposition of the embryo in the cranial third of the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum. Procedural difficulty, excessive manipulation, and incorrect deposition reduce pregnancy rates. Adjunct therapies, including nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and hormonal strategies to increase circulating progesterone concentrations, may provide benefits in specific contexts but have variable outcomes.

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Published
2026-08-07
How to Cite
Nevard , R., & Wise , C. (2026). A practical review of assisted reproductive techniques in cattle. Part 2: recipient selection and embryo transfer. Clinical Theriogenology, 18. https://doi.org/10.58292/CT.v18.14225
Issue
Vol. 18 (2026): Special Issue: Advances and Clinical Applications of Embryo Transfer and Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Domestic and Exotic Animals
Section
Review Reports
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