Synchronization of estrus and ovulation: a practitioner’s perspective

Abstract

Artificial insemination as a management tool can be facilitated by synchronization 7 of estrus or ovulation. Although estrus detection will remain an important part of 8 successful breeding programs, timed artificial insemination is increasingly used in cattle 9 herds. The practicing theriogenologist must utilize his or her knowledge of the 10 physiology of the bovine estrous cycle and reproductive pharmacology, consider 11 constraints imposed by availability of labor and facilities, and choose among the 12 available protocols the one which is most likely to be successfully implemented. This 13 article reviews the physiology of the bovine estrous cycle, and some of the protocols 14 currently in use.